Topic: Robotics
General Purpose: To inform
Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about the
usage of robotics in our daily life.
Central
idea: One of usage of robotics is in medical field.
Introduction:
1.
(Show a scene from Artificial Intelligence movie) Now,
why Teddy said “I am not a toy”?
2.
(Reveal Topics) This is because Teddy is an
intelligent robot in this fictional movie of Artificial Intelligence.
3.
The
word robot was introduced in 1920 in a play by Karel Capek. Robot comes from
the Czech word robota, meaning forced labour or drudgery. Later in 1942, Isaac
Asimov coined the term robotics in
his science fiction short story “Liar!”. He formulated his Three Laws of
Robotics in short story “Runaround” in the same year. Robots usually perform
tasks that are too dull, dirty, delicate or dangerous for people. We also
expect them to be autonomous without constant need of human control. Currently,
Japan is far ahead of the United States in the implementation of robot
technology; some estimates indicate that over half of the world’s industrial
robots currently in use are in Japan.
4.
There
are many different applications of robots in human life.
Body:
1. One
of usage of robotics is in medical field.
a. Currently, medical
robots can either assisted in surgery
or in many mundane tasks in hospitals.
b. All
existing surgery robots on this day are actually cleverly made manipulators
controlled by competent doctors.
i.
The da Vinci robot surgery system in one great example
of robotics use for surgery purposes.
The system uses the minimally invasive
approach. This means that several small incisions are made instead of a
large one.
ii.
This way, the levels of blood loss, post-surgical
trauma, as well as the amount of scar tissue and time spent in hospital are
reduced.
iii.
Basically, it’s like scaling down the surgeon and
putting him into patient’s body through a few small incisions.
iv.
This approach can be used with tools other than
robots; however, robotic system enables a surgeon to control the tools more or
less naturally.
v.
So it is possible to use minimally invasive approach
to a broader range of surgeries.
vi.
Some of the benefits of robot-assisted surgery are decreased post-operative pain, decreased risk of
infection, decreased use of anaesthesia, decreased blood loss, shorter hospital
stay, quicker and more complete recovery, and faster return to normal daily
activities.
c. Robots in hospitals also can
be quite handy in mundane tasks.
i.
We can separate these robots into categories of
Carriers, pharmacy robots and robotic doctors.
1. Carriers,
as you may guess, they carry stuff around. Or at least carry themselves around
the hospital. The main task is to find their way around the hospital in order
to carry stuff around or to work as a guide.
a. As
example, in this picture, you can see a Japanese robot holding a bag and looks
quite cute. But his main skill is the ability to navigate around the hospital.
So it can help you to find your way to the needed place, as well as carry some
stuff around.
b. Another
example would be HelpMate. It can carry around x-ray images, food, medication
and other stuff.
2. One
of a pharmacy robots used in hospitals is McKesson ROBOT-Rx.
a. It
is a robotic system intended for automated medication processing. It automates
medication storage, selection, return, restock and crediting functions.
b. More
than 1/3 of all hospitals in North America use their robotic system.
c. Usage
of this robot can reduce errors and costs, as well as enhance productivity.
3. Robotics
doctors are not robots that replace doctors. They are tools to extend the
capabilities of a doctor such as his presence.
a. RP-7
is one of the robots made by InTouch Health.
i.
RP stands for Remote Presence.
ii.
Doctor can examine the patient from entirely another
location. This telerobotics application can be invaluable in an emergency
situation where every second counts.
Conclusion: I hope that you now can see how robots are
currently being used to ease our daily life.
References:
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